Automate the boring stuff with Python : practical programming for total beginners Cover Image

Automate the boring stuff with Python : practical programming for total beginners / by Al Sweigart.

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ISBN: 9781593275990
Publisher: San Francisco : No Starch Press, [2015].
Copyright: ©2015.

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General Note:	Incluye índice.
Immediate Source of Acquisition Note:	IPICYT ; Compra/R.3357 ; 2016.
Language Note:	En inglés.

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Phyton (Lenguaje de programación de computadores).
Lenguajes de programación (Computadores).

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Location	Call Number / Copy Notes	Barcode	Shelving Location	Status	Due Date
Biblioteca Ipicyt	QA76.73.P98S9 A8 2015	LCI00968	Coleccion General	Available	-

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Status

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Biblioteca Ipicyt

QA76.73.P98S9 A8 2015

LCI00968

Coleccion General

Available

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Table of Contents

	Acknowledgments	xxiii
	Introduction	1
	Whom Is This Book For?	2
	Conventions	2
	What Is Programming?	3
	What Is Python?	4
	Programmers Don't Need to Know Much Math	4
	Programming Is a Creative Activity	5
	About This Book	5
	Downloading and Installing Python	6
	Starting IDLE	7
	The Interactive Shell	8
	How to Find Help	8
	Asking Smart Programming Questions	9
	Summary	10
Part I.	Python Programming Basics	11
1.	Python Basics	13
	Entering Expressions into the Interactive Shell	14
	The Integer, Floating-Point, and String Data Types	16
	String Concatenation and Replication	17
	Storing Values in Variables	18
	Assignment Statements	18
	Variable Names	20
	Your First Program	21
	Dissecting Your Program	22
	Comments	23
	The print() Function	23
	The input() Function	23
	Printing the User's Name	24
	The len() Function	24
	The str(), int(), and float() Functions	25
	Summary	28
	Practice Questions	28
2.	Flow Control	31
	Boolean Values	32
	Comparison Operators	33
	Boolean Operators	35
	Binary Boolean Operators	35
	The not Operator	36
	Mixing Boolean and Comparison Operators	36
	Elements of Flow Control	37
	Conditions	37
	Blocks of Code	37
	Program Execution	38
	Flow Control Statements	38
	if Statements	38
	else Statements	39
	elif Statements	40
	while Loop Statements	45
	break Statements	49
	continue Statements	50
	for Loops and the range() Function	53
	Importing Modules	57
	from import Statements	58
	Ending a Program Early with sys.exit()	58
	Summary	58
	Practice Questions	59
3.	Functions	61
	def Statements with Parameters	63
	Return Values and return Statements	63
	The None Value	65
	Keyword Arguments and print()	65
	Local and Global Scope	67
	Local Variables Cannot Be Used in the Global Scope	67
	Local Scopes Cannot Use Variables in Other Local Scopes	68
	Global Variables Can Be Read from a Local Scope	69
	Local and Global Variables with the Same Name	69
	The global Statement	70
	Exception Handling	72
	A Short Program: Guess the Number	74
	Summary	76
	Practice Questions	76
	Practice Projects	77
	The Collatz Sequence	77
	Input Validation	77
4.	Lists	79
	The List Data Type	80
	Getting Individual Values in a List with Indexes	80
	Negative Indexes	82
	Getting Sublists with Slices	82
	Getting a List's Length with len()	83
	Changing Values in a List with Indexes	83
	List Concatenation and List Replication	83
	Removing Values from Lists with del Statements	84
	Working with Lists	84
	Using for Loops with Lists	86
	The in and not in Operators	87
	The Multiple Assignment Trick	87
	Augmented Assignment Operators	88
	Methods	89
	Finding a Value in a List with the index() Method	89
	Adding Values to Lists with the append() and insert() Methods	89
	Removing Values from Lists with remove()	90
	Sorting the Values in a List with the sort() Method	91
	Example Program: Magic 8 Ball with a List	92
	List-like Types: Strings and Tuples	93
	Mutable and Immutable Data Types	94
	The Tuple Data Type	96
	Converting Types with the list() and tuple() Functions	97
	References	97
	Passing References	100
	The copy Module's copy() and deepcopy() Functions	100
	Summary	101
	Practice Questions	102
	Practice Projects	102
	Comma Code	102
	Character Picture Grid	103
5.	Dictionaries and Structuring Data	105
	The Dictionary Data Type	105
	Dictionaries vs. Lists	106
	The keys(), values(), and items() Methods	107
	Checking Whether a Key or Value Exists in a Dictionary	109
	The get() Method	109
	The setdefault() Method	110
	Pretty Printing	111
	Using Data Structures to Model Real-World Things	112
	A Tic-Tac-Toe Board	113
	Nested Dictionaries and Lists	117
	Summary	119
	Practice Questions	119
	Practice Projects	120
	Fantasy Game Inventory	120
	List to Dictionary Function for Fantasy Game Inventory	120
6.	Manipulating Strings	123
	Working with Strings	123
	String Literals	124
	Indexing and Slicing Strings	126
	The in and not in Operators with Strings	127
	Useful String Methods	127
	The upper(), lower(), isupper(), and islower() String Methods	128
	The isX String Methods	129
	The startswith() and endswith() String Methods	131
	The join() and split() String Methods	132
	Justifying Text with rjust(), ljust(), and center()	133
	Removing Whitespace with strip(), rstrip(), and lstrip()	134
	Copying and Pasting Strings with the pyperclip Module	135
Project.	Password Locker	136
	Step 1: Program Design and Data Structures	136
	Step 2: Handle Command Line Arguments	137
	Step 3: Copy the Right Password	137
Project.	Adding Bullets to Wiki Markup	139
	Step 1: Copy and Paste from the Clipboard	139
	Step 2: Separate the Lines of Text and Add the Star	140
	Step 3: Join the Modified Lines	141
	Summary	141
	Practice Questions	142
	Practice Project	142
	Table Printer	142
Part II.	Automating Tasks	145
7.	Pattern Matching with Regular Expressions	147
	Finding Patterns of Text Without Regular Expressions	148
	Finding Patterns of Text with Regular Expressions	150
	Creating Regex Objects	150
	Matching Regex Objects	151
	Review of Regular Expression Matching	152
	More Pattern Matching with Regular Expressions	152
	Grouping with Parentheses	152
	Matching Multiple Groups with the Pipe	153
	Optional Matching with the Question Mark	154
	Matching Zero or More with the Star	155
	Matching One or More with the Plus	155
	Matching Specific Repetitions with Curly Brackets	156
	Greedy and Nongreedy Matching	156
	The findall() Method	157
	Character Classes	158
	Making Your Own Character Classes	159
	The Caret and Dollar Sign Characters	159
	The Wildcard Character	160
	Matching Everything with Dot-Star	161
	Matching Newlines with the Dot Character	162
	Review of Regex Symbols	162
	Case-Insensitive Matching	163
	Substituting Strings with the sub() Method	163
	Managing Complex Regexes	164
	Combining re.IGNORECASE, re.DOTALL, and re.VERBOSE	164
	Project: Phone Number and Email Address Extractor	165
	Step 1: Create a Regex for Phone Numbers	166
	Step 2: Create a Regex for Email Addresses	166
	Step 3: Find All Matches in the Clipboard Text	167
	Step 4: Join the Matches into a String for the Clipboard	168
	Running the Program	169
	Ideas for Similar Programs	169
	Summary	169
	Practice Questions	170
	Practice Projects	171
	Strong Password Detection	171
	Regex Version of strip()	171
8.	Reading and Writing Files	173
	Files and File Paths	173
	Backslash on Windows and Forward Slash on OS X and Linux	174
	The Current Working Directory	175
	Absolute vs. Relative Paths	175
	Creating New Folders with os.makedirs()	176
	The os.path Module	177
	Handling Absolute and Relative Paths	177
	Finding File Sizes and Folder Contents	179
	Checking Path Validity	180
	The File Reading/Writing Process	180
	Opening Files with the open() Function	181
	Reading the Contents of Files	182
	Writing to Files	183
	Saving Variables with the shelve Module	184
	Saving Variables with the pprint.pformat() Function	185
	Project: Generating Random Quiz Files	186
	Step 1: Store the Quiz Data in a Dictionary	187
	Step 2: Create the Quiz File and Shuffle the Question Order	188
	Step 3: Create the Answer Options	189
	Step 4: Write Content to the Quiz and Answer Key Files	189
	Project: Multiclipboard	191
	Step 1: Comments and Shelf Setup	192
	Step 2: Save Clipboard Content with a Keyword	192
	Step 3: List Keywords and Load a Keyword's Content	193
	Summary	194
	Practice Questions	194
	Practice Projects	194
	Extending the Multiclipboard	194
	Mad Libs	195
	Regex Search	195
9.	Organizing Files	197
	The shutil Module	198
	Copying Files and Folders	198
	Moving and Renaming Files and Folders	199
	Permanently Deleting Files and Folders	200
	Safe Deletes with the send2trash Module	201
	Walking a Directory Tree	202
	Compressing Files with the zipfile Module	203
	Reading ZIP Files	204
	Extracting from ZIP Files	205
	Creating and Adding to ZIP Files	205
	Project: Renaming Files with American-Style Dates to European-Style Dates	206
	Step 1: Create a Regex for American-Style Dates	206
	Step 2: Identify the Date Parts from the Filenames	207
	Step 3: Form the New Filename and Rename the Files	209
	Ideas for Similar Programs	209
	Project: Backing Up a Folder into a ZIP File	209
	Step 1: Figure Out the ZIP File's Name	210
	Step 2: Create the New ZIP File	211
	Step 3: Walk the Directory Tree and Add to the ZIP File	211
	Ideas for Similar Programs	212
	Summary	212
	Practice Questions	213
	Practice Projects	213
	Selective Copy	213
	Deleting Unneeded Files	213
	Filling in the Gaps	214
10.	Debugging	215
	Raising Exceptions	216
	Getting the Traceback as a String	217
	Assertions	219
	Using an Assertion in a Traffic Light Simulation	219
	Disabling Assertions	221
	Logging	221
	Using the logging Module	221
	Don't Debug with print()	223
	Logging Levels	223
	Disabling Logging	224
	Logging to a File	225
	IDLE's Debugger	225
	Go	226
	Step	226
	Over	226
	Out	227
	Quit	227
	Debugging a Number Adding Program	227
	Breakpoints	229
	Summary	231
	Practice Questions	231
	Practice Project	232
	Debugging Coin Toss	232
11.	Web Scraping	233
	Project: maplt.py with the webbrowser Module	234
	Step 1: Figure Out the URL	234
	Step 2: Handle the Command Line Arguments	235
	Step 3: Handle the Clipboard Content and Launch the Browser	236
	Ideas for Similar Programs	236
	Downloading Files from the Web with the requests Module	237
	Downloading a Web Page with the requests.get() Function	237
	Checking for Errors	238
	Saving Downloaded Files to the Hard Drive	239
	HTML	240
	Resources for Learning HTML	240
	A Quick Refresher	240
	Viewing the Source HTML of a Web Page	241
	Opening Your Browser's Developer Tools	242
	Using the Developer Tools to Find HTML Elements	244
	Parsing HTML with the BeautifulSoup Module	245
	Creating a BeautifulSoup Object from HTML	245
	Finding an Element with the select() Method	246
	Getting Data from an Element's Attributes	248
	Project: "I'm Feeling Lucky" Google Search	248
	Step 1: Get the Command Line Arguments and Request the Search Page	249
	Step 2: Find All the Results	249
	Step 3: Open Web Browsers for Each Result	250
	Ideas for Similar Programs	251
	Project: Downloading All XKCD Comics	251
	Step 1: Design the Program	252
	Step 2: Download the Web Page	253
	Step 3: Find and Download the Comic Image	254
	Step 4: Save the Image and Find the Previous Comic	255
	Ideas for Similar Programs	256
	Controlling the Browser with the selenium Module	256
	Starting a Selenium-Controlled Browser	256
	Finding Elements on the Page	257
	Clicking the Page	259
	Filling Out and Submitting Forms	259
	Sending Special Keys	260
	Clicking Browser Buttons	261
	More Information on Selenium	261
	Summary	261
	Practice Questions	261
	Practice Projects	262
	Command Line Emailer	262
	Image Site Downloader	263
	2048	263
	Link Verification	263
12.	Working with Excel Spreadsheets	265
	Excel Documents	266
	Installing the openpyxl Module	266
	Reading Excel Documents	266
	Opening Excel Documents with OpenPyXL	267
	Getting Sheets from the Workbook	268
	Getting Cells from the Sheets	268
	Converting Between Column Letters and Numbers	270
	Getting Rows and Columns from the Sheets	270
	Workbooks, Sheets, Cells	272
	Project: Reading Data from a Spreadsheet	272
	Step 1: Read the Spreadsheet Data	273
	Step 2: Populate the Data Structure	274
	Step 3: Write the Results to a File	275
	Ideas for Similar Programs	276
	Writing Excel Documents	277
	Creating and Saving Excel Documents	277
	Creating and Removing Sheets	278
	Writing Values to Cells	278
	Project: Updating a Spreadsheet	279
	Step 1: Set Up a Data Structure with the Update Information	280
	Step 2: Check All Rows and Update Incorrect Prices	281
	Ideas for Similar Programs	281
	Setting the Font Style of Cells	282
	Font Objects	282
	Formulas	284
	Adjusting Rows and Columns	285
	Setting Row Height and Column Width	285
	Merging and Unmerging Cells	286
	Freeze Panes	287
	Charts	288
	Summary	290
	Practice Questions	291
	Practice Projects	291
	Multiplication Table Maker	291
	Blank Row Inserter	292
	Spreadsheet Cell Inverter	292
	Text Files to Spreadsheet	293
	Spreadsheet to Text Files	293
13.	Working with PDF and Word Documents	295
	PDF Documents	295
	Extracting Text from PDFs	296
	Decrypting PDFs	297
	Creating PDFs	298
	Project: Combining Select Pages from Many PDFs	303
	Step 1: Find All PDF Files	304
	Step 2: Open Each PDF	304
	Step 3: Add Each Page	305
	Step 4: Save the Results	305
	Ideas for Similar Programs	306
	Word Documents	306
	Reading Word Documents	307
	Getting the Full Text from a .docx File	308
	Styling Paragraph and Run Objects	309
	Creating Word Documents with Nondefault Styles	310
	Run Attributes	311
	Writing Word Documents	312
	Adding Headings	314
	Adding Line and Page Breaks	315
	Adding Pictures	315
	Summary	316
	Practice Questions	316
	Practice Projects	317
	PDF Paranoia	317
	Custom Invitations as Word Documents	317
	Brute-Force PDF Password Breaker	318
14.	Working with CSV Files and JSON Data	319
	The csv Module	320
	Reader Objects	321
	Reading Data from Reader Objects in a for Loop	322
	Writer Objects	322
	The Delimiter and Lineterminator Keyword Arguments	323
	Project: Removing the Header from CSV Files	324
	Step 1: Loop Through Each CSV File	325
	Step 2: Read in the CSV File	325
	Step 3: Write Out the CSV File Without the First Row	326
	Ideas for Similar Programs	327
	JSON and APIs	327
	The json Module	328
	Reading JSON with the loads() Function	328
	Writing JSON with the dumps() Function	329
	Project: Fetching Current Weather Data	329
	Step 1: Get Location from the Command Line Argument	330
	Step 2: Download the JSON Data	330
	Step 3: Load JSON Data and Print Weather	331
	Ideas for Similar Programs	332
	Summary	333
	Practice Questions	333
	Practice Project	333
	Excel-to-CSV Converter	333
15.	Keeping Time, Scheduling Tasks, and Launching Programs	335
	The time Module	336
	The time.time() Function	336
	The time.sleep() Function	337
	Rounding Numbers	338
	Project: Super Stopwatch	338
	Step 1: Set Up the Program to Track Times	339
	Step 2: Track and Print Lap Times	339
	Ideas for Similar Programs	340
	The datetime Module	341
	The timedelta Data Type	342
	Pausing Until a Specific Date	344
	Converting Datetime Objects into Strings	344
	Converting Strings into Datetime Objects	345
	Review of Python's Time Functions	346
	Multithreading	347
	Passing Arguments to the Thread's Target Function	348
	Concurrency Issues	349
	Project: Multithreaded XKCD Downloader	350
	Step 1: Modify the Program to Use a Function	350
	Step 2: Create and Start Threads	351
	Step 3: Wait for All Threads to End	352
	Launching Other Programs from Python	352
	Passing Command Line Arguments to Popen()	354
	Task Scheduler, launchd, and cron	354
	Opening Websites with Python	355
	Running Other Python Scripts	355
	Opening Files with Default Applications	355
	Project: Simple Countdown Program	357
	Step 1: Count Down	357
	Step 2: Play the Sound File	357
	Ideas for Similar Programs	358
	Summary	358
	Practice Questions	359
	Practice Projects	359
	Prettified Stopwatch	360
	Scheduled Web Comic Downloader	360
16.	Sending Email and Text Messages	361
	SMTP	362
	Sending Email	362
	Connecting to an SMTP Server	363
	Sending the SMTP 'Hello' Message	364
	Starting TLS Encryption	364
	Logging in to the SMTP Server	364
	Sending an Email	365
	Disconnecting from the SMTP Server	366
	IMAP	366
	Retrieving and Deleting Emails with IMAP	366
	Connecting to an IMAP Server	367
	Logging in to the IMAP Server	368
	Searching for Email	368
	Fetching an Email and Marking It As Read	372
	Getting Email Addresses from a Raw Message	373
	Getting the Body from a Raw Message	374
	Deleting Emails	375
	Disconnecting from the IMAP Server	375
	Project: Sending Member Dues Reminder Emails	376
	Step 1: Open the Excel File	376
	Step 2: Find All Unpaid Members	378
	Step 3: Send Customized Email Reminders	378
	Sending Text Messages with Twilio	380
	Signing Up for a Twilio Account	380
	Sending Text Messages	381
	Project: "Just Text Me" Module	383
	Summary	384
	Practice Questions	384
	Practice Projects	385
	Random Chore Assignment Emailer	385
	Umbrella Reminder	385
	Auto Unsubscriber	385
	Controlling Your Computer Through Email	386
17.	Manipulating Images	387
	Computer Image Fundamentals	388
	Colors and RGBA Values	388
	Coordinates and Box Tuples	389
	Manipulating Images with Pillow	390
	Working with the Image Data Type	392
	Cropping Images	393
	Copying and Pasting Images onto Other Images	394
	Resizing an Image	397
	Rotating and Flipping Images	398
	Changing Individual Pixels	400
	Project: Adding a Logo	401
	Step 1: Open the Logo Image	401
	Step 2: Loop Over All Files and Open Images	402
	Step 3: Resize the Images	403
	Step 4: Add the Logo and Save the Changes	404
	Ideas for Similar Programs	406
	Drawing on Images	406
	Drawing Shapes	406
	Drawing Text	408
	Summary	410
	Practice Questions	410
	Practice Projects	411
	Extending and Fixing the Chapter Project Programs	411
	Identifying Photo Folders on the Hard Drive	411
	Custom Seating Cards	412
18.	Controlling the Keyboard and Mouse with GUI Automation	413
	Installing the PyAutoGUI Module	414
	Staying on Track	414
	Shutting Down Everything by Logging Out	414
	Pauses and Fail-Safes	415
	Controlling Mouse Movement	415
	Moving the Mouse	416
	Getting the Mouse Position	417
	Project: "Where Is the Mouse Right Now?"	417
	Step 1: Import the Module	418
	Step 2: Set Up the Quit Code and Infinite Loop	418
	Step 3: Get and Print the Mouse Coordinates	418
	Controlling Mouse Interaction	419
	Clicking the Mouse	420
	Dragging the Mouse	420
	Scrolling the Mouse	422
	Working with the Screen	423
	Getting a Screenshot	423
	Analyzing the Screenshot	424
	Project: Extending the mouseNow Program	424
	Image Recognition	425
	Controlling the Keyboard	426
	Sending a String from the Keyboard	426
	Key Names	427
	Pressing and Releasing the Keyboard	428
	Hotkey Combinations	429
	Review of the PyAutoGUI Functions	430
	Project: Automatic Form Filler	430
	Step 1: Figure Out the Steps	432
	Step 2: Set Up Coordinates	432
	Step 3: Start Typing Data	434
	Step 4: Handle Select Lists and Radio Buttons	435
	Step 5: Submit the Form and Wait	436
	Summary	437
	Practice Questions	438
	Practice Projects	438
	Looking Busy	438
	Instant Messenger Bot	438
	Game-Playing Bot Tutorial	439
A.	Installing Third-Party Modules	441
	The pip Tool	441
	Installing Third-Party Modules	442
B.	Running Programs	443
	Shebang Line	443
	Running Python Programs on Windows	444
	Running Python Programs on OS X and Linux	445
	Running Python Programs with Assertions Disabled	445
C.	Answers to the Practice Questions	447
	Chapter 1	448
	Chapter 2	448
	Chapter 3	450
	Chapter 4	450
	Chapter 5	451
	Chapter 6	451
	Chapter 7	452
	Chapter 8	453
	Chapter 9	453
	Chapter 10	454
	Chapter 11	455
	Chapter 12	456
	Chapter 13	456
	Chapter 14	457
	Chapter 15	457
	Chapter 16	458
	Chapter 17	458
	Chapter 18	458
	Index	461

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